The research behind My Brain, My Friend
Science
These references, grouped by card, come from the bibliography dated 19 October 2026. They support the underlying ideas, not a clinical trial of this card set. Some findings come from adults or animal research and cannot be directly generalized to every child.
Science includes uncertainty. Sleep-related brain clearance, oxytocin and screen-related claims need particular care; conflicting evidence is included below. The cards’ metaphors and small activities are learning tools, not medical advice or guaranteed effects.
1. Emotions
Naming feelings is studied as a form of emotion regulation. Brain weather is a metaphor, not a literal description of the amygdala.
References
Lieberman, Eisenberger, Crockett, Tom, Pfeifer & Way · 2007 · Psychological Science
Putting feelings into words: affect labeling disrupts amygdala activity in response to affective stimuliTorre & Lieberman · 2018 · Emotion Review
Putting feelings into words: affect labeling as implicit emotion regulation
2. Dopamine
Dopamine is involved in reward prediction, motivation and wanting—not simply pleasure or applause after completing a task.
References
Schultz, Dayan & Montague · 1997 · Science
A neural substrate of prediction and rewardBerridge & Robinson · 2016 · American Psychologist
Liking, wanting, and the incentive-sensitization theory of addiction
3. Nature
These studies examine nature exposure, stress markers and rumination. They do not establish a universal time threshold or guarantee the same response for every child.
References
Hunter, Gillespie & Chen · 2019 · Frontiers in Psychology
Urban nature experiences reduce stress in the context of daily life based on salivary biomarkersBratman, Hamilton, Hahn, Daily & Gross · 2015 · PNAS
Nature experience reduces rumination and subgenual prefrontal cortex activation
4. Movement
Reviews link exercise with brain health, plasticity and cognition. BDNF is a protein involved in neuronal support; brain fertilizer is a metaphor.
References
Cotman & Berchtold · 2002 · Trends in Neurosciences
Exercise: a behavioral intervention to enhance brain health and plasticityHillman, Erickson & Kramer · 2008 · Nature Reviews Neuroscience
Be smart, exercise your heart: exercise effects on brain and cognition
5. Habits
Habit formation involves repetition and context. The time needed varies; a small experiment is not a fixed timetable for building a habit.
References
Lally, van Jaarsveld, Potts & Wardle · 2010 · European Journal of Social Psychology
How are habits formed: modelling habit formation in the real worldGraybiel · 2008 · Annual Review of Neuroscience
Habits, rituals, and the evaluative brain
6. Sleep
Sleep’s role in memory consolidation is well established. Brain clearance during sleep remains debated: the bibliography includes the original finding, a conflicting study and a later scientific discussion.
References
Xie et al. · 2013 · Science
Sleep drives metabolite clearance from the adult brain2024 · Nature Neuroscience
Brain clearance is reduced during sleep and anesthesia2025 · Nature Neuroscience · Matters Arising
A curious concept of CNS clearanceDiekelmann & Born · 2010 · Nature Reviews Neuroscience
The memory function of sleep
7. Connection
Social support can influence stress responses. Oxytocin’s role is complex; a hug or high-five does not guarantee a specific hormonal change.
References
Heinrichs, Baumgartner, Kirschbaum & Ehlers · 2003 · Biological Psychiatry
Social support and oxytocin interact to suppress cortisol and subjective responses to psychosocial stressLeng & Ludwig · 2016 · Biological Psychiatry
Intranasal oxytocin: myths and delusionsUchino · 2006 · Journal of Behavioral Medicine
Social support and health
8. Mistakes
These studies examine growth mindset, responses to errors and achievement. Benefits depend on context; mistakes do not automatically produce learning.
References
Moser, Schroder, Heeter, Moran & Lee · 2011 · Psychological Science
Mind your errors: evidence for a neural mechanism linking growth mindset to adaptive post-error adjustmentsYeager et al. · 2019 · Nature
A national experiment reveals where a growth mindset improves achievement
9. Screens
The bibliography covers eye strain, evening light exposure and media multitasking. It does not establish that all screens flood the brain with dopamine or that the 20–20–20 rule is a proven brain-health intervention.
References
Talens-Estarelles et al. · 2023 · Contact Lens and Anterior Eye
The effects of breaks on digital eye strain, dry eye and binocular vision: testing the 20-20-20 ruleChang, Aeschbach, Duffy & Czeisler · 2015 · PNAS
Evening use of light-emitting eReaders negatively affects sleepUncapher & Wagner · 2018 · PNAS
Minds and brains of media multitaskers
10. Hydration
These studies examine hydration and cognition in children and adolescents. They do not prescribe a universal amount of water or guarantee an immediate improvement in focus.
References
Kempton et al. · 2011 · Human Brain Mapping
Dehydration affects brain structure and function in healthy adolescentsEdmonds & Burford · 2009 · Appetite
Should children drink more water? The effects of drinking water on cognition in children
11. Self-talk
Research examines how self-talk and self-compassion relate to emotional regulation and resilience. Supportive words are a practice, not a substitute for help when needed.
References
Kross et al. · 2014 · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Self-talk as a regulatory mechanism: how you do it mattersNeff & McGehee · 2010 · Self and Identity
Self-compassion and psychological resilience among adolescents and young adults